Clinical Library

Boros M et al. High Ligation of the Saphenofemoral Junction in Endovenous Obliteration of Varicose Veins. Vasc and Endovasc Surg;42:235-8 View Article

Perrin M. Traitement des varices par la radiofréquence. Sang Thrombose Vaisseaux 2008; 20:166-82.

R. Bush, MD, MPH. Endovenous and Surgical Extirpation of Lower-Extremity Varicose Veins. Sem in Vasc Surg 2008;21:50-3. View Article

T. Proebstle, M.D. et al. Treatment of the incompetent great saphenous vein by endovenous radiofrequency powered segmental thermal ablation: First clinical experience. J Vasc Surg 2008;47:151-6. View Article

A. Dietzek, M.D., Endovenous radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of varicose veins. Vascular. 2007 Sep-Oct;15(5):255-61. View Article

L. Roland, M.D., AM Dietzek, M.D., Radiofrequency ablation of the great saphenous vein performed in the office: tips for better patient convenience and comfort and how to perform it in less than an hour. Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther. 2007 Sep;19(3):309-14.
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S. Roth, M.D., M.S., Endovenous Radiofrequency Ablation of Superficial and Perforator Veins. Surg Clinics of N Am 2007 87:1267-84. View Article

S. Zan, L. Contessa, G. Varetto, C. Barra, M. Conforti, F. Casella, P Rispoli, Radiofrequency minimally invasive endovascular treatment of lower limbs varicose veins: clinical experience and literature review. Minerva Cardioangiol. 2007 Aug;55(4):443-58.

M. Vasquez, M.D., The utility of the Venous Clinical Severity Score in 682 limbs treated by radiofrequency saphenous vein ablation. J Vasc Surg 2007 May;45(5):1008-1014; discussion 1015. View Article

H. Welch, M.D., Endovenous ablation of the great saphenous vein may avert phlebectomy for branch varicose veins. J Vasc Surg 2006;44:601-5 View Article

C. Dunn, M.D., L. Kabnick, M.D., R. Merchant, M.D., R. Owens, M.D., R. Weiss, M.D. Endovascular Radiofrequency Obliteration Using 90C for Treatment of Great Saphenous Vein. Ann Vasc Surg 2006;1-5 View Article

B. Kianifard, M.D., MS Whitely, M.D., JM Holdstock, R.V.T. Radiofrequency ablation (VNUS closure) does not cause neo-vascularisation at the groin at one year: results of a case controlled study. Surgeon. 2006 Apr;4(2):71-4.
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P. Stone, M.D., P. Armstrong, D.O., M. Shames, M.D., M. Back, M.D., B. Johnson, M.D., S. Flarherty, B.S., D. Bandyk, M.D. Impact of Postoperative Duplex Surveillance After Radiofrequency Ablation of the Greater Saphenous Vein. J Vasc Ultrasound 2006; 30(2):65-68

R. Merchant, M.D., O. Pichot, M.D., for the Closure study group. Long-term outcomes of endovenous radiofrequency obliteration of saphenous reflux as a treatment for superficial venous insufficiency. J Vasc Surg 2005;42:502-9 View Article

D. Monahan, M.D. Can phlebectomy be deferred in the treatment of varicose veins? J Vasc Surg Dec 2005;42:1145-9

A. Puggioni, M. Kalra, P. Gloviczki.  Superficial vein surgery and SEPS for chronic venous insufficiency.  Semin Vasc Surg 2005;18:41-8 View Article

Tzilinis A, Salles-Cunha SX, Dosick SM, Gale SS, Seiwert AJ, Comerota AJ, Chronic venous insufficiency due to great saphenous vein incompetence treated with radiofrequency ablation: an effective and safe procedure in the elderly. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2005 Jul-Aug;39(4):341-5. View Article

N. Morrison. Saphenous ablation: what are the choices, laser or RF energy.  Semin Vasc Surg 2005;18:15-8.
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P. Nicolini and the Closure group.  Treatment of primary varicose veins by endovenous obliteration with the VNUS Closure system: Results of a prospective multicentre study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2005;29:433-9.
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R. Merchant, M.D., O. Pichot, M.D., KA Mayers, M.D.  Four Years Follow-up on Endovascular Radiofrequency Obliteration of Saphenous Reflux. Derm Surg 2005;31:129-134 View Article

T. Ogawa, S. Hoshino, H. Midorikawa H, Sato K.  Clinical results of radiofrequency endovenous obliteration for varicose veins.  Surg Today 2005;35:47-51. View Article

F. Lurie, D. Creton, B. Eklof, LS. Kabnick, RL. Kistner, O. Pichot, C. Sessa, S. Schuller-Petrovic  Prospective Randomised Study of Endovenous Radiofrequency Obliteration (Closure) Versus Ligation and Vein Stripping (EVOLVeS): Two-year Follow-up.  Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2005;29:67-73. View Article

L. Stotter, I Schaaf, A Bockelbrink, HJ Baurecht. Radiofrequency obliteration, invaginated or cryostripping: Which is the best tolerated treatment by the patient? Phlebologie 2005;34:19-24.

S Soumian, AH Davies.  Endovenous management of varicose veins. Phlebology 2004;19:163-9.

SX Salles-Cunha, AJ Comerota, A Tzilinis, SM Dosick, SS Gale, AJ Seiwert, L Jones, M Robbins.  Ultrasound findings after radiofrequency ablation of the great saphenous vein: descriptive analysis.  J Vasc Surg 2004;40:1166-73. View Article

M Perrin.  Endoluminal treatment of lower limb varicose veins by endovenous laser and radiofrequency techniques.  Phlebology 2004;19:170-8.

SM Elias, KL Frasier.  Minimally invasive vein surgery: its role in the treatment of venous stasis ulceration.  Am J Surg 2004;188(1A Suppl):26-30. View Article

AP Hingorani, E Ascher, N Markevich, RW Schutzer, S Kallakuri, A Hou, S Nahata, W Yorkovich, T Jacob.  Deep venous thrombosis after radiofrequency ablation of greater saphenous vein: a word of caution.  J Vasc Surg 2004;40:500-4.

SX Salles-Cunha, H Rajasinghe, SM Dosick, SS Gale, A Seiwert, L Jones, HG Beebe, AJ Comerota.  Fate of great saphenous vein after radio-frequency ablation: detailed ultrasound imaging.  Vasc Endovascular Surg 2004;38:339-44. View Article

M. Perrin. Endovenous therapy for varicose veins of the lower extremities. Ann Chir. 2004 May;129(4):248-57.
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A. Zikorus, M. Mirizzi.  Evaluation of Setpoint Temperature and Pullback Speed on Vein Adventitial Temperature During Endovenous Radiofrequency Energy Delivery in an In Vitro Model.  Vasc Endovasc Surg 2004;38(2):167-74. View Article

M. Perrin. Varices des membres inférieurs traitées par radiofréquence (CLOSURE). Contrôle annuel des résultats : un suivi sur 3 ans (Longitudinal assessment at yearly intervals for lower limbs followed up three years after Endovenous radiofrequency obliteration (CLOSURE)). Phlébologie 2004; 57:69-73.

WH Wagner, M.D., PM Levin, M.D., et al.  Early experience with radiofrequency ablation of the greater saphenous vein. Ann Vasc Surg 2004;39:189-95. View Article

O. Pichot, M.D., L. Kabnick, M.D., FACS, D. Creton, M.D., R. Merchant, M.D., FACS, J. G. Chandler, MD and S. Schuller-Petrovic, M.D., Ph.D.  Duplex Ultrasound Findings Two Years After Great Saphenous Vein Radiofrequency Endovenous Obliteration.  J Vasc Surg 2004;39:189-95. View Article

F. Lurie, M.D.,Ph,D., D. Creton, M.D., B. Eklof, M.D., Ph.D., L.S. Kabnick, M.D., et al.  Prospective Randomized Study of Endovenous Radiofrequency Obliteration (Closure Procedure) versus Ligation and Stripping in Selected Patient Population (EVOLVeS Study). J Vasc Surg 2003;38:207-214. View Article

N. Fassiadis M.D., JM Holdstock M.D., MS Whiteley M.D. Endoluminal radiofrequency ablation of the long saphenous vein (VNUS closure) -- a minimally invasive management of varicose veins. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol. 2003 Mar;12(1):91-4. View Article

O. Pichot, MD, C. Sessa, MD, JL Bosson, MD, Duplex imaging analysis of the long saphenous vein reflux: basis for strategy of endovenous obliteration treatment.   Int.  Angiol 2002; 21:333-6. View Article

N. Fassiadis M.D., B. Kianifard M.D., JM Holdstock M.D., MS Whiteley M.D. Ultrasound changes at the saphenofemoral junction and in the long saphenous vein during the first year after VNUS Closure.  Int. Angiol 2002;21:272-274. View Article

O. Pichot, M.D., M. Perrin, M.D.  Aspects échographiques de la jonction saphéno-fémorale après oblitération de la grande veine saphène par radiofréquence (Closure).  Phlébologie 2002;55:329-334.

C. Lebard M.D., F. Zuccarelli, M.D.  Intérêt de l’angiographie de la jonction saphéno-fémorale au cours de la destruction de la grande veine saphène par le système (Sapheno-femoral junctions angiography during great saphenous vein obliteration with VNUS Closure).  Phlébologie 2002;55:263-268.

J. E. M. Sybrandy, M.D., C. H. A. Wittens, M.D., PhD.  Initial experiences in endovenous treatment of Saphenous vein reflux.  J Vasc Surg 2002;36:1207-12.

R. Kistner, M.D.  Endovascular Obliteration of the Greater Saphenous Vein:  The Closure Procedure.  Jpn J. Phlebology, 2002; 13(5); 325-333.

R. Merchant, M.D., R. DePalma, M.D., L. Kabnick, M.D.  Endovascular Obliteration of Saphenous Reflux – A Multicenter Study.  J Vasc Surg 2002;35:1190-6. View Article

T. Rautio, M.D., J. Perala, M.D., Ph. D, et al.  Endovenous Obliteration with Radiofrequency – resistive Heating for Greater Saphenous Vein Insufficiency: A Feasibility Study.  J Vasc Interv Radiol 2002;13:569-75. View Article

J. Bergan, M.D., FACS, Hon FRCS, N. Kumins, MD, E. Owens, M.D., S. Sparks, M.D.  Surgical and Endovascular Treatment of Lower Extremity Venous Insufficiency.  J Vasc Interv Radiol 2002;13:563-68.
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T. Rautio, M.D., A. Ohinmaa, M.D., J. Perala, M.D., et al.  Endovenous obliteration versus conventional stripping operation in the treatment of primary varicose veins: A randomized controlled trial with comparison of the costs.  J Vasc Surg 2002;35:958-65. View Article

R. Weiss, M.D., M. Weiss, M.D.  Controlled Radiofrequency Endovenous Occlusion Using a Unique Radiofrequency Catheter under Duplex Guidance to Eliminate Saphenous Reflux:  A 2-Year Follow-Up.  Dermatol Surg 2002; 28:38 – 42. View Article

M. Goldman, M.D., S. Amiry. Closure of the greater saphenous vein with endoluminal radiofrequency thermal heating of the vein wall in combination with ambulatory Phlebectomy: 50 patients with more than 6-month follow-up. Dermatol Surg. 2002;28:29-31.

R. Weiss.  Comparison of endovenous radiofrequency versus 810nm diode laser occlusion of large veins in an animal model.  Dermatol Surg. 2002;28:56-61. View Article

N. Fassiadis, M.D., B. Kianifard, M.D., JM Holdstock, M.D., MS Whiteley, M.D.  A novel endoluminal technique for varicose vein management: The VNUS Closure.  Phlebology 2002;16:145-8.

O. Pichot, M.D., C. Sessa, M.D.  Traitement de l’insuffisance veineuse superficielle par radiofréquence: Indications et resultants à moyen terme (Radiofrequency endovenous obliteration of the long saphenous vein: Indications and mid-term results). Phlébologie 2002;55:51-8.

R. Weiss, MD  Endovenous techniques for elimination of saphenous reflux: A valuable treatment modality.  Dermatol Surg 2001;27:902-5. View Article

L. Kabnick, M.D., R. Merchant, M.D.  Twelve and Twenty Four Month Follow-up After Endovascular Obliteration of Saphenous Vein Reflux – A Report from the Multi-Center Registry.  J Phleb 2001; 1:17-24.

C. Lebard M.D, F. Zuccarelli M.D.  Destruction de la Grande Veine Saphene par le Systeme Closure, Occlusion of Greater Saphenous Vein by Closure System.  Phlebologie 2001, 54, No 3, 285-291.

T. Dauplaise, RVT, R. Weiss, M.D.  Duplex Guided Endovascular Occlusion of Refluxing Saphenous Veins.  J Vasc Tech 2001;25(2):79-82.

M. Perrin, M.D.  Un Procédé Nouveau Dans Le Traitement Des Varices Des Memberes inférieurs: La Technique Closure™. Angeiologie, 2000, vol. 52 nº, 4 pp. 23a 28.

O. Pichot, M.D., C. Sessa, M.D., J.. Chandler, M.D., M. Nuta, M.D., and M. Perrin, M.D.  Role of Duplex Imaging in Endovenous Obliteration for Primary Venous Insufficiency. J Endovasc Ther 2000; 7:6 451-459. View Article

J.. Chandler, M.D., O. Pichot, MD, C. Sessa, M.D., S. Schuller-Petrovic, M.D., Ph.D., F. Jose Osse, M.D., J.. Bergan, M.D.  Defining The Role of Extended Saphenofemoral Junction Ligation: A Prospective Comparative Study.  J Vasc Surg 2000; 32:941-53. View Article

J.. Chandler, M.D., O. Pichot, MD, C. Sessa, M.D., S. Schuller-Petrovic, M.D., PhD, L. Kabnick, M.D., and J. Bergan, M.D.  Treatment of Primary Venous Insufficiency by Endovenous Saphenous-Vein Obliteration.  Vasc Surg 2000;34:201-214.

M. Goldman, M.D.  Closure of the Greater Saphenous Vein with Endoluminal Radiofrequency Thermal Heating of the Vein Wall in Combination with Ambulatory Phlebectomy:  Preliminary 6 Month Follow-up.  Dermatol Surg 2000; 26:452-456. View Article

S. Manfrini, MD, V. Gasbarro, MD, J. Chandler, M.D., A. Nicolaides, M.D., FRCS et al, for the Endovenous Reflux Management Study Group.  Endovenous Management of Saphenous-Vein Reflux.  J Vasc Surg 2000;32:330-42.
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Published Book Chapters

Towards Vascular and Endovascular Consensus– Copyright 2005
Varicose veins: endovascular option. Whiteley M Pages 564-72.

The fundamentals of phlebology: Venous disease for clinicians – Copyright  2004
Radiofrequency endovenous occlusion (Closure® technique). Weiss RA Pages 101-4.

Vascular and Endovascular Challenges: - Copyright 2004
Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of varicose veins (VNUS Closure), MS Whiteley, J. Holdstock, Pages 361-74.

Trends In Vascular Surgery 2003: Endovenous radiofrequency obliteration of saphenous vein reflux.  R.F.Merchant, RL. Kistner,  WH Pearce, JS Matsumura, JS Yao.  Pages 451-463.

Encyclopedie Medico Chirurgicale: - Copyright 2003
“Traitement endovasculaire des varices des members inférieurs”, M. Perrin, 43-161-C, Pages 1-11.

Viguera Editores, S.L. Insuficiencia Benousa Cronica – Epidemologia, investigacion, diagnostico y tratamiento: Copyright 2002
“Endovascular Therapy for Varicose Veins”, M. Perrin, Chapter 24: Pages 211-20

Mosby Inc. Advances in Vascular Surgery:- Copyright 2001
“Endovenous Saphenous Vein Ablation”, John J. Bergan, M.D. Volume 9; Chapter 9: Pages 123 -132.

W.B. Saunders Company - April 2001
Vascular and Endovascular Surgical Techniques:
“Endovenous Vein Closure”, Andrew N. Nicolaides, M.D. Vascular and Endovascular Surgical Techniques 4th Edition

McGraw – Hill Companies – Copyright 2001
Vein Diagnosis & Treatment a Comprehensive Approach
“RF Mediated Endovenous Occlusion” Editors, Robert 1 Weiss, Craig F. Feied, Margaret 1 Weiss, Chapter 23: Pages 211-222.

Quality Medical Publishing, Inc. – Copyright 1999-2000
Varicose Veins and Telangiectasias Diagnosis and Treatment
“Controlled Radiofrequency-Mediated Endovenous Shrinkage and Occlusion”, Editors, Mitchel P. Goldman, Robert 1 Weiss, John J. Bergan, Chapter 12: Pages 217-224.